Facing Facing is the process of removing metal from the end of a workpiece to produce a flat surface. Most often, the workpiece is cylindrical, but by using 4- jaw chuck we can face rectangular or odd-shaped work to form cubes and other non-cylindrical shapes. When a lathe cutting tool removes metal it applies considerable tangential (i.e. lateral or sideways) force to the workpiece. To safely perform a facing operation the end of the workpiece must be positioned close to the jaws of the chuck. The workpiece should not extend more than 2-3 times its diameter from the chuck jaws unless a steady rest is used to support the free end. Straight turning In this operation the work is held in the spindle and is rotated whole the tool is fed past the work piece in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation. The surface generated is a cylindrical surface. Taper Turning A taper may be defined as a uniform increase or decrease in diameter of a work piece measured along its length
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